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The purpose of this study was to understand the evolutionary relationships between fish and other vertebrates which had DNA with the genetic defects in homoglobin expression, with comparison to the nucleotide homologies of the $\beta$-globin genes. The predicted amino acid sequence from carp $\beta$-globin gene was compared with those of other vertebrates from the published data. The nucleotide homologies of the predicted amino acid sequence from the carp $\beta$-globin gene with those of goldfish and mirror carp were high, and the rates were 97.3% and 93.9%, respectively. On the other hand, with the previously reported $\beta$-globins of goat, frog, human, rat, goose, chicken, and duck, it showed low homology ranging from 45.9 to 58.1%. The carp $\beta$-globin has one inserted amino acid residue, which was also found in other fish $\beta$-globin, but not in other vertebrate $\beta$-globins.
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